Howto Gain Access to blocked Sites
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Howto create your own Meta.deb-Package
I hate the kind of howto that shows you steps you can blindly follow. Iâd rather help you to learn. But Iâll compromise and so you can blindly follow this howto
Since .debs are, essentially, snapshots of the installed program as seen from the root directory in an .ar archive with a little metadata, you can start by making an empty package jail with
mkdir -p package/DEBIAN
package/ is the root of the jail; DEBIAN/ is a directory that contains any information the Debian packaging tools will need to produce the package. For a metapackage, youâll need only one file: control.
Since Ubuntu has something called âubuntu-xen-serverâ we will produce our own Meta-Package for etch.
Package: xenserver Essential: no Priority: extra Section: metapackages Maintainer: Thomas Halinka <thohal@linuxfellaz.net> Architecture: i386 Version: 1 Depends: xen-linux-system-2.6.18-6-xen-vserver-686, xen-tools, libc6-xen, bridge-utils, pciutls Description: One Step 2 XEN This is just a product of lazyness
Once youâve written your control file, use the command
dpkg-deb -b package xen-server.deb
To build the metapackage. dpkg-deb comes standard with Ubuntu and Debian, so donât worry about fetching that package. You can find more information about building packages with
man dpkg-deb
After creating your first package just install it with the following command
dpkg -i xenserver.deb
Have Fun creating your own packages and upload them to Packages.LinuxFellaz.net
Howto create your own Multi-boot DVD
If youâre a IT expert, you canât rest in peace unless you have the right set of tools and know how to use them to assess your IT Assett. So i am providing a little Step-by-Step Howto to create a custom multi-boot DVD with this issue. In the end you can just pop it into your DVD drive and set up your BIOS to boot from it. Youâll get a menu from which you can choose to run any of them, namely Auditor, grml, inset oder any other Linux-Live-Distro.
Sounds exciting, doesnât it? So try it out yourself.
Prerequisites
You need a machine running Linux with at least 10 GB of free disk space, a DVD writer to burn the final DVD ISO, and ISO images of all the Live Linux distros that you want to compile on the DVD. For creating this DVD we wonât use any third-party or paid applications such as MagicISO or EasyBoot. Instead we will use the standard, GNU tool called isolinux.
First create a folder for each live distro you have. For instance, if you are creating a DVD for Auditor, grml, and Inset, create three folders with the name auditor, grml and inset. Then mount the ISOs of the live distros to these folders by issuing:
# mount -o loop /live-distro.iso /blank-folder
So if your are mounting the ISO of grml to a blank folder named grml, you have to run:
# mount -o loop grml_1.0.iso /grml
This should make all content of the ISOs available to those blank folders. As most CDs are based either on Knoppix or one of its derivatives, you will find the structure of the CDs very similar. You will find two folders-isolinux and KNOPPIX. The folder name KNOPPIX can vary and if it does, it is good because it will reduce some of your work. Now lets try to understand what these folders have.
isolinux: This folder contains all files that are needed for booting the distro. For instance, it will surely have the following four files-isolinux.bin (the bootloader binary file), isolinux.cfg (the file which contains all the configurations and settings), miniroot.gz (this file has a preliminary ramfs image which has the file called linuxrc that is responsible for the âinitâ process), and vmlinuz (the Linux kernel file). Weâll primarily deal with these four files only.
KNOPPIX: It contains the actual file system image that you will see when the system boots up. The image file is generally called knoppix and is an ramfs file system.
Creating the DVD structure
Letâs start building our DVD. For this, you first have to create a blank folder and name it dvdroot. Now âcdâ into the folder and create a folder called isolinux inside it. Copy isolinux. bin, boot.msg and isolinux.cfg from any of the distros here. Next, one by one copy the miniroot and vmlinuz file from each distroâs isolinux folder to the /dvdroot/isolinux folder and rename them so that you can identify which miniroot.gz and vmlinuz file belongs to which distro. So for example, if you are copying the files from auditor, rename miniroot.gz as miniaud.gz and vmlinuz as vmlinux.aud. You can call it whatever you want but remember that the name should not exceed eight characters and the extension should not exceed three characters else isolinux wonât be able to recognize the files while booting. Now after you have copied all files, you should have as many vmlinuz and miniroot.gz into your /dvdroot/isolinux folder as many Live distros you are planning to combine into the DVD.
Modifying the isolinux.cfg
Now open the /dvdroot/isolinux/isolinux.cfg file into any word processor and add the boot parameters for all the distros. The boot parameter should look something like this.
LABEL auditor KERNEL vmlinuz.aud APPEND ramdisk_size=100000 init=/etc/init lang=de apm=power-off vga=791 initrd=miniaud.gz nomce quiet BOOT_IMAGE=knoppix
Youâll get this screen after booting from the multi-boot DVD. Type the name of the distro you want to boot into and hit Enter
Here LABEL defines the name you will pass to call the distro from the boot option of the DVD. KERNEL defines the name of the kernel it will be using for the distro, and âinitrdâ specifies the name of the miniroot.gz file, which in this case (auditor) is miniaud.gz. If the following set of parameters causes any problem and doesnât let the distro boot, go to the folder where you have mounted the actual ISO of the distro and open the /isolinux/isolinux.cfg file. Copy the default parameter from there and paste it to the isolinux.cfg file.
Copying the ramfs
Now you have to copy all the main file system images for each and every live distro to your dvdroot folder. But there will be one problem you will face. In most cases, the name of the file system image and the folder where it resides will be same and that will be /KNOPPIX/knoppix. But, you canât have more than one file with the same name in a folder. So create a folder for each distro in your dvdroot. For example, if you are adding grml then create a folder grml into your /dvdroot/ folder. Now copy the file system image file mostly called âknoppixâ from each distroâs /KNOPPIX folder to the folders you have created for them. Say for grml, you have to copy its /KNOPPIX/knoppix file to the /dvdroot/grml.
Modifying miniroot
Now that you have renamed the folder that contains the file system image, open and modify the linuxrc file for each and every distro. That is, you have to unzip, mount, modify, unmount and gzip all the miniroot.gz files. How is this done? We assume that we are going to modify the miniroot file of Auditor. So the commands will look something like this.
# cd /dvdroot/isolinux # gunzip miniaud.gz # mkdir /testmount # mount -o loop miniaud /testmount
Now go to the /testmount folder and open up the file called linuxrc and search for the line that says
KNOPPIX_DIR="KNOPPIX"
Replace âKNOPPIXâ with the folder name, which you have given for the distro. For Auditor, the line will be:
KNOPPIX_DIR="Auditor"
Now save the file and exit and run the following commands to recreate the miniroot.gz file.
# cd / # umount /testmount # cd /dvdroot/isolinux # gzip miniaud
And you are done with the major task and you are just left to give some finishing touch before you create the ISO of the DVD. By this, we mean that you have to modify the boot.msg file so that it can reflect the labels for booting the distros at the DVD boot prompt. For this, open the boot.msg and enter the text labels that you want on the screen. For example, you should have something like this in your boot.msg file-âType auditor at the boot prompt to boot the machine with Auditorâ.
Making the ISO
The command syntax needed to start the ISO making process is pretty long. To run the command, first go to the /dvdroot folder and type in
# mkisofs âr âN âldots âd âD âJ âV âMultiboot DVDâ -b isolinux/isolinux.bin âc isolinux/boot.cat âno-emul-boot âboot-load-size 4 âboot-info-table âx lost+found âo /multiboot.iso .
Now use any of your favourite DVD burning program to burn the ISO and enjoy.
How-To to make a diskless Debian Etch workstation
This how-to assumes the client and server are already set up with Debian Etch, with the client set up on a single root partition. In this example, 192.168.178.4 is the server, while 192.168.178.1 is the router.
First we need to install the following packages on the server:
# apt-get install dhcp3-server tftp-hpa syslinux nfs-kernel-server initramfs-tools pxe atftpd
Set up tftp boot
Create the /tftpboot and start populating it with something like:
# mkdir -p /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg # cp /usr/lib/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /tftpboot/ # cp /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-5-686 /tftpboot/
Replace vmlinuz-2.6.18-5-686 with the kernel youâre using.
Configure the tftp service to provide access to /tftpboot by editing /etc/inetd.conf. Make sure the line starting with âtftpâ ends with "/tftpbootâ.
# vim /etc/inetd.conf
It should look something like:
tftp dgram udp wait nobody /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/sbin/in.tft pd /tftpboot
Next we need to restart the tftp service with:
# /etc/init.d/inetd restart
and create a net-bootable initrd image with:
cd /etc/initramfs-tools/ cp initramfs.conf initramfs.conf.originalbackup vi initramfs.conf mkinitramfs -o initrd.img.netboot mv initrd.img.netboot /tftpboot/
When editing initramfs.conf, you want to change the BOOT line from âBOOT=localâ to âBOOT=nfsâ. After creating this image, you may change the BOOT line back to local.
Create a PXE config file /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default. If you know the workstationâs MAC address, name the file 01-aa-bb-cc-dd-ee-ff where aabbccddeeff is the MAC address. (Youâll need to name the files like this or by IP address in hex if youâre setting up more than one diskless workstation.) Hereâs an example:
LABEL linux KERNEL vmlinuz-2.6.18-5-686 APPEND root=/dev/nfs initrd=initrd.img.netboot nfsroot=192.168.178.4:/mnt/hda5/thohal ip=dhcp rw
Youâll want to put your serverâs IP address in and your desired location of the workstationâs OS.
Setting up DHCP-Service
First, deactivate any DHCP service on your Network. Then configure DHCP service (dhcpd) on your server with:
# vim /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf # /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server restart
Make sure to include this line at the top:
# next-server 192.168.178.4;
Without this line, the client will hang on trying to load the pxe config file.
Youâll need to insert lines to the file to configure assigned addresses. This entry will set up dynamic addresses:
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
option domain-name "mylan";
option domain-name-servers 192.168.178.1;
option routers 192.168.178.1;
subnet 192.168.178.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.178.100 192.168.178.199;
filename "/tftpboot/pxelinux.0";
}
This entry will set up a static address. Youâll need to know the MAC address–for example, by booting up a liveCD and running âifconfig -aâ as root.
host thohal {
hardware ethernet 00:14:2a:ef:ea:07;
fixed-address thohal.mylan;
filename "/tftpboot/pxelinux.0";
}
Note that this assumes the address of thohal.mylan is defined in /etc/hosts. You can replace it with a numerical IP address.
Setting up NFS
Create the nfs share on the server with:
# mkdir /mnt/hda5/thohal # vim /etc/exports # exportfs -rv
When editing /etc/exports, you want to create this entry:
/mnt/hda5/thohal thohal.mylan(rw,async,no_root_squash)
Note that this assumes the address of thohal.mylan is defined in /etc/hosts. You can replace this with a numerical IP address. You can also replace it with â*â if you donât mind any machine on the LAN to have access.
Copy over the files by running the following ON THE CLIENT:
mkdir /mnt/yuki mount -tnfs -onolock 192.168.178.4:/mnt/hda5/thohal /mnt/thohal cp -axv /. /mnt/thohal/. cp -axv /dev/. /mnt/thohal/dev/.
Now, back on the server, modify the files to make them suitable for diskless netbooting. Edit /mnt/hda5/thohal/etc/network/interfaces and comment out any lines which automatically bring up eth0 (like âauto eth0â or âallow-hotplug eth0â). Just leave a line like âiface eth0 inet dhcpâ. The network interface eth0 will have already been brought up by net-booting, and we donât want to reset it.
Edit /mnt/hda5/thohal/etc/fstab to look something like this:
###/dev/hda1 / ext3 noatime,errors=remount-ro 0 1 ###/dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5 ext3 noatime 0 2 ###/dev/hda6 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/nfs / nfs defaults 0 0 none /tmp tmpfs defaults 0 0 none /var/run tmpfs defaults 0 0 none /var/lock tmpfs defaults 0 0 none /var/tmp tmpfs defaults 0 0 none /media tmpfs defaults 0 0
Comment out any local partitions including swap.
Configure BIOS
On the client workstation, boot up and enter setup to turn on PXE LAN boot, then reboot, and see if everything works!
Setting up more workstations
If you want to set up more than one workstation, youâll need to know the MAC addresses of them all. You can find it out by logging on as root and running âifconfig -aâ (on Debian systems). Then:
1. Create a new PXE config file /tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/01-aa-bb-cc-dd-ee-ff where aabbccddeeff is the MAC address (use lowercase).
2. Create a new entry in /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf for the new MAC address. Donât forget to restart the DHCP server with
# /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server restart
3. Create the new nfs shared directory and populate it. Create a new entry in /etc/exports as appropriate. Donât forget to resync the exports with
# exportfs -rv
4. Configure the BIOS on the client for LAN boot.
For creating the new workstationâs directory, you can copy from an existing one and just edit /mnt/hda5/newworkstation/etc/hostname to change the hostname.

